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81.
Yifei Li Akshay Singh Kate Reidy Seong Soon Jo Frances M. Ross Rafael Jaramillo 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(36)
The synthesis of large‐area TiS2 thin films is reported at temperatures as low as 500 °C using a scalable two‐step method of metal film deposition followed by sulfurization in an H2S gas furnace. It is demonstrated that the lowest‐achievable sulfurization temperature depends strongly on the oxygen background during sulfurization. This dependence arises because Ti? O bonds present a substantial kinetic and thermodynamic barrier to TiS2 formation. Lowering the sulfurization temperature is important to make smooth films, and to enable integration of TiS2 and related transition metal dichalcogenides—including metastable phases and alloys—into device technology. 相似文献
82.
研究了退火和固溶时效处理对热轧态TC4钛合金的力学性能和组织的影响,并考察了其冲击磨损性能。结果表明:退火处理后试样组织中转变β相增加,强度、塑性和韧性均较热轧态有所提升;而固溶时效处理后试样组织的晶粒细化且尺寸更为均匀,同时具有最高的强度,而塑性和韧性则较热轧态有所降低。经过10 h的冲击磨损试验后,退火态试样的磨损率最低,而固溶时效态试样的磨损率最高。通过磨损断口观察发现退火态试样表面冲刷犁沟较短,且终点处存在合金的塑性堆积,同时磨损面组织发生塑性变形,晶粒延展拉长。退火态试样较高的塑性和韧性有助于吸收冲击能量,因此表现出较好的耐冲击磨损性能。 相似文献
83.
84.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(20):28357-28366
Lithium titanium oxide (Li2TiO3) tritium breeder ceramic plates with nano- and coarse-grain size were fabricated. The preparation methods contained CTAB-modifying precursor, combining dry-pressing with isostatically cold-pressing, and calcinating at optimized sintering temperature in turn. Then their properties were characterized after radiation by 280 keV helium (He+) ion. Extensive characterization analyses were performed to reveal the changes in nano-grained and coarse-grained Li2TiO3 after radiation. They contained glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron spin resonance (ESR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed as follows, GIXRD peak position of the nano-grained Li2TiO3 was more stable than the coarse-grained Li2TiO3 after radiation. Nano-grained Li2TiO3 was less rough and swollen than the coarse-grained one after radiation. Nano-grained Li2TiO3 had more excellent structural stability and less defect concentration of Eʹ-center after radiation. As a result, nano-grained Li2TiO3 might have much better radiation tolerance than the coarse-grained one by comparing characterization results. 相似文献
85.
Jihong Li Yipu Liu Hui Chen Zhankai Zhang Xiaoxin Zou 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(27):2101820
The realization of seawater electrolysis requires high-performing anode materials that should possess good catalytic activity, stability, and specificity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well as high resistance toward chloride corrosion. Herein, the design of a multilayered oxygen-evolution electrode is reported to meet the multiple needs of anode material for saline water splitting. The multilayered electrode is synthesized through direct thermal boronization of commercially available NiFe alloy plate with boron powder, followed by electrochemical oxidation. And this electrode is composed of the surface oxidized NiFeBx alloy layer, the NiFeBx alloy interlayer, and the NiFe alloy substrate. The boron species are present in the form of metaborate in the outermost oxidized NiFeBx layer, and their existence is conductive to the generation and stabilization of the catalytic active phase γ-(Ni,Fe)OOH. The introduction of NiFeBx interlayer effectively prevents the excessive oxidative corrosion of the anode material in the electrolyte containing chloride ions. 相似文献
86.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(75):37162-37173
This study describes the fabrication of ultrafast laser-induced periodic nanostructures on Nickel sheets and their use as cathodes in alkaline electrolysis. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, laser-nanostructured Ni sheets were used as cathode electrodes in a custom-made electrolysis cell at actual, Hydrogen producing conditions, and their efficiency has been compared to the untreated Nickel sheets. The electrochemical evaluation showed higher Jpeaks, lower overpotential, and enhanced double-layer capacitance for the nanostructured electrode. A decrease in the Tafel slope was also found for the nanostructured electrode. The hydrogen production efficiency was found to be 3.7 times larger for the laser-nanostructured Nickel electrode, which was also confirmed by current-time measurements during electrolysis. Also, a novel approach is proposed to improve the stability of the current density during electrolysis and, therefore, the hydrogen production process by about 10%. 相似文献
87.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(79):38983-38991
Water electrolysis is a process that can produce hydrogen in a clean way when renewable energy sources are used. This allows managing large renewable surpluses and transferring this energy to other sectors, such as industry or transport. Among the electrolytic technologies to produce hydrogen, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is a promising alternative. One of the main components of PEM electrolysis cells are the bipolar plates, which are machined with a series of flow distribution channels, largely responsible for their performance and durability. In this work, AISI 316L stainless steel bipolar plates have been built by additive manufacturing (AM), using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) technology. These bipolar plates were subjected to ex-situ corrosion tests and assembled in an electrolysis cell to evaluate the polarization curve. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared with bipolar plates manufactured by conventional machining processes (MEC). The obtained experimental results are very similar for both manufacturing methods. This demonstrates the viability of the PBF-L technology to produce metal bipolar plates for PEM electrolyzers and opens the possibilities to design new and more complex flow distribution channels and to test these designs in initial phases before scaling them to larger surfaces. 相似文献
88.
Hang Shi Qiuyang Yu Guoliang Liu Xiaohong Hu 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(33):17097-17105
Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been considered as cheap alternatives of precious metal platinum for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In the past decades, many reports have indicated that the engineering of heterointerfaces between different components could efficiently enhance the activity of HER catalysts. Here, we report a facile method to construct Ni12P5–Ni2P heterostructure by using a low temperature phosphorization strategy. The obtained Ni12P5–Ni2P heterostructure shows high activity toward HER with an overpotential value of 166 mV at 10 mA cm?2 and a Tafel slope of 60 mV dec?1 in 0.5 M H2SO4. Compared with pure Ni2P and Ni12P5, the Ni12P5–Ni2P heterostructure has more active sites and faster HER kinetics due to the presence of the interfaces between Ni12P5 and Ni2P. Furthermore, we used the obtained Ni12P5–Ni2P as cathodic catalyst and IrO2/Ti as anodic material to set up a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer which shows good stability after 120 h continuous constant current electrolysis at 200 mA cm?2. This work demonstrates the positive effect of heterostructure for HER catalysts and provides a feasible strategy for constructing earth-abundant electrocatalysts. 相似文献
89.
Dionissios D. Papadias Jui-Kun Peng Rajesh K. Ahluwalia 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(47):24169-24189
Recognizing the potential role of liquid hydrogen carriers in overcoming the inherent limitations in transporting and storing gaseous and liquid hydrogen, a complete production and use scenario is postulated and analyzed for perspective one-way and two-way carriers. The carriers, methanol, ammonia and toluene/MCH (methylcyclohexane), are produced at commercially viable scales in a central location, transmitted by rail or pipelines for 2000 miles, and decomposed near city gates to generate fuel-cell quality hydrogen for distribution to refueling stations. In terms of the levelized cost of H2 distributed to the stations, methanol is less expensive to produce ($1.22/kg-H2) than MCH ($1.35/kg-H2) or ammonia ($2.20/kg-H2). Levelized train transmission cost is smaller for methanol ($0.63/kg-H2) than ammonia ($1.29/kg-H2) or toluene/MCH system ($2.07/kg-H2). Levelized decomposition cost is smaller for ammonia ($0.30–1.06/kg-H2) than MCH ($0.54–1.22/kg-H2) or methanol ($0.43–1.12/kg-H2). Over the complete range of demand investigated, 10–350 tpd-H2, the levelized cost of H2 distributed to stations is aligned as methanol « ammonia ~ MCH. With pipelines at much larger scale, 6000 tpd-H2, the levelized cost decreases by ~1 $/kg-H2 for ammonia and MCH and much less for methanol. Methanol is a particularly attractive low-risk carrier in the transition phase with lower than 50-tpd H2 demand. 相似文献
90.
Jaeseung Lee Afroz Alam Hyunchul Ju 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(26):13678-13690
A three-dimensional (3-D) transient numerical model of an alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) cell with potassium hydroxide solution is developed by rigorously accounting for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions and resulting species and charge transport through various AWE components. First, the AWE model is experimentally validated against a polarization curve corresponding to a wide range of currents as high as 2.0 A·cm?2. In general, the simulation results compare well with the measured data and further reveal the operating characteristics of AWE cells, showing key distributions of solid/electrolyte potentials and multidimensional contours of reactant and product concentrations at various current densities. In particular, the contribution of hydroxide ion (OH?) diffusion to the ohmic losses through porous electrodes and a porous separator are quantitatively examined at low and high electrolyte flow rates. The present full 3-D AWE model provides a basic understanding of the electrochemical and transport phenomena and can be further applied to practical large-scale AWE cell and stack geometries for grid-scale hydrogen production. 相似文献